Resources

Tennessee Policy & Programs

Tennessee Department of Education. (2024). Innovative school models. https://www.tn.gov/education/innovative-school-models.html

Tennessee General Assembly. (2024). HB 2530 / SB 2364. https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/default.aspx?BillNumber=HB2530&GA=113

Reports & Nationwide Initiatives

Aitken, M. (2025). Understanding the impacts of generative AI use on children. The Alan Turing Institute. https://www.turing.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2025-05/combined_briefing_-_understanding_the_impacts_of_generative_ai_use_on_children.pdf

AI4K12 Initiative. (n.d.). Five big ideas in AI. https://ai4k12.org/

Chen Kulesa, A., Croft, M., Robinson, B., Wells, M. K., Rotherham, A. J., & Bailey, J. (2024). Learning systems: The landscape of artificial intelligence in K–12 education. Bellwether. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED664885.pdf

Jackson, J., Starr, J., & Weaver, D. (2024). A framework for digital equity. Digital Promise. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED671298.pdf

U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Technology. (2024). AI and the future of teaching and learning: A call to action & implementation guide. https://tech.ed.gov/ai-guidance-implementation/

K-12 Curriculum & Instructional Design

Dogan, S. (2025). A human–AI hybrid co‑design model: Planning effective instruction with ChatGPT. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 20(1), 94–119. https://www.asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/818

Davy, T., Kit, N., et al. (2022). Using digital story writing as a pedagogy to develop AI literacy among primary students. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100054

Jiangyue, L., Ma, J., & Li, S. (2025). Research on school‑based AI curriculum design and practice for cultivating computational thinking in high school students. Education and Information Technologies, 30(6), 7949–7993. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-13115-x

Kong, S.C., & Abelson, H. (2022). Computational thinking education in K‑12: Artificial intelligence literacy and physical computing. MIT press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13375.001.0001

Vartiainen, H., & Tedre, M. (2020). What kind of understanding of AI is needed in K‑9 education? In Proceedings of the 20th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research (pp. 1–10). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3428029.3428045

Williams, R. (2024). Impact.AI: Democratizing AI through K‑12 artificial intelligence education (Doctoral dissertation). ProQuest. https://www.proquest.com/docview/3132852828

Yue, M., Jong, M. S. Y., Dai, Y., & Lau, W. W. F. (2025). Students as AI‑literate designers: A pedagogical framework for learning and teaching AI literacy in elementary education. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2025.2449942

K-12 Education Case Studies & Research

Su, J., & Yang, W. (2024). AI literacy curriculum and its relation to children’s perceptions of robots and attitudes towards engineering and science: An intervention study in early childhood education. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 40(1), 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12867

Whalen, J., Grube, W., Xu, C., & Trust, T. (2025). K‑12 educators’ reactions and responses to ChatGPT and GenAI during the 2022–2023 school year. TechTrends, 69(1), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-024-01028-y

K-12 Reviews and Research Synthesis

Casal‑Otero, L., Catala, A., Fernández‑Morante, C., Taboada, M., Cebreiro, B., & Barro, S. (2023). AI literacy in K‑12: A systematic literature review. International Journal of STEM Education, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-023-00418-7

Cheung, K. K. C., Long, Y., et al. (2025). Unpacking epistemic insights of artificial intelligence in science education: A systematic review. Science & Education, 34(2), 747–777. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-024-00511-5

Crompton, H., Jones, M. V., & Burke, D. (2022). Affordances and challenges of artificial intelligence in K‑12 education: A systematic review. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 56(3), 248–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2022.2121344

Drugga, A., & Taş, E. (2023). A systematic literature review on teaching artificial intelligence in K‑12 education. Education and Information Technologies, 28(12), 16629–16658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11915-0

Heeg, D. M., & Avraamidou, L. (2023). The use of artificial intelligence in school science: A systematic literature review. Educational Media International, 60(2), 125–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2023.2264990

Sun, D., Cheng, G., Yu, P. L. H., Jia, J., Zheng, Z., & Chen, A. (2025). Personalized STEM education empowered by artificial intelligence: A comprehensive review and content analysis. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2025.2462156

Weng, Z., & Fu, Y. (2025). Generative AI in language education: Bridging divide and fostering inclusivity. International Journal of Technology in Education, 8(2), 395–420. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijte.1056

Xiaohong, L., Guo, B., He, W., & Hu, X. (2025). Effects of generative artificial intelligence on K‑12 and higher education students’ learning outcomes: A meta‑analysis. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 63(5), 1249–1291. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331251329185

Gökoglu, S., Erdogdu, F., et al. (2025). The effects of GenAI on learning performance: A meta‑analysis study. Educational Technology & Society, 28(3). https://doi.org/10.30191/ETS.202507_28(3).TP04

AI Ethics, Policy, and Governance

Chiu, T. K. F. (2023). The impact of generative AI on practices, policies and research direction in education: A case of ChatGPT and Midjourney. Interactive Learning Environments, 32(10), 6187–6203. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2253861

Gouseti, A., James, F., Fallin, L., & Burden, K. (2024). The ethics of using AI in K‑12 education: A systematic literature review. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 34(2), 161–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2024.2428601

Higgs, J., & Stornaiuolo, A. (2024). Being human in the age of generative AI: Young people’s ethical concerns about writing and living with machines. Reading Research Quarterly, 59(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.552

Eutsler, L., Rivera, B., Barnes, M., & Cummings, J. (2025). Artificial intelligence policies in K‑12 school districts in the United States: A content analysis shaping education policy. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2025.2476589

North, C., Hills, D., Maher, P., Farkić, J., Zeilmann, V., Waite, S., … French, G. (2023). The impact of artificial intelligence on adventure education and outdoor learning: International perspectives. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 24(1), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2023.2248302

Information Science Perspectives on AI Education

Asamoah, P., Zokpe, D., et al. (2024). Domain knowledge, ethical acumen, and query capabilities (DEQ): A framework for generative AI use in education and knowledge work. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2439651

Cooper, G. (2023). Examining science education in ChatGPT: An exploratory study of generative AI. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 32, 444–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-023-10039-y

Mintz, J., Holmes, W., Liu, L., & Perez‑Ortiz, M. (2023). Artificial intelligence and K‑12 education: Possibilities, pedagogies and risks. Computers in the Schools, 40(4), 325–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380569.2023.2279870

Tomitza, C., Schaschek, M., Straub, L., et al. (2025). What is the minimum to trust AI?—A requirement analysis for (generative) AI‑based texts. In Conceptualizing digital responsibility for the information age(Vol. 74, pp. 213–229). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-80119-8_14

AI Software and Tools

AI and Higher Education

Dimeli, M., & Kostas, A. (2025). The role of ChatGPT in education: Applications, challenges: Insights from a systematic review. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 24. https://doi.org/10.28945/5422

Kim, J., & Cho, Y. H. (2023). My teammate is AI: Understanding students’ perceptions of student–AI collaboration in drawing tasks. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 45(3), 1013–1027. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2023.2286206

Ni Uanachain, D. M., & Aouad, L. I. (2025). Generative AI in education: Rethinking learning, assessment, and student agency for the AI era. Thresholds in Education, 48(1), 111–132. https://academyforeducationalstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/uanachain-aouad-final.pdf

Shailendra, S., Kadel, R., & Sharma, A. (2024). Framework for adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in education. IEEE Transactions on Education, 67(5), 777–785. https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2024.3432101